Minimized expression of DNA fix genes disrupts DNA repair. That is shown while in the determine on the 4th stage in the prime. (From the determine, red wording suggests the central job of DNA harm and defects in DNA repair within the development to most cancers.) When DNA repair is deficient DNA hurt stays in cells at a higher than normal stage (5th degree) and will cause increased frequencies of mutation and/or epimutation (6th level).
世卫组织和国际癌症研究机构与包括国际原子能机构在内的其他联合国组织和伙伴合作,以便:
對於癌症高風險群,例如有家族病史,或是環境汙染(例如輻射屋居民)的人進行基因檢測,可做較深入仔細的檢查分析,服用預防藥物。確定有癌症相關基因突變的人,可藉由預防性的手術,降低癌症機會。
突发卫生事件 新闻和特写 疾病爆发新闻 情况报告 世卫组织在紧急情况下 数据
初次就诊科室与起病症状有关,明确患有癌症者可根据目的到肿瘤科、外科、放疗科等就诊。
癌症篩檢,是希望在一般大眾身上提早找出潛在未發現與早期無症狀的癌症。所進行的測試必須適合廣大民眾能夠負擔,並且安全,無侵入性而且不易有假陽性結果產生。一旦發現癌症的跡象,更精確的後續檢驗,或使用侵入性手術取得組織切片以確定篩檢結果則是必要的。
用醫學影像技術檢測癌症,也遭遇類似問題。這些醫學影像檢測技術都是成本相當高且耗費時間。由於偵測的靈敏度極高,常發現細胞病變(英语:incidentaloma),這樣的腫瘤也可以被認為惡性,而進行具有潛在危險性的治療方法。
多數癌症是自發性的(英语:sporadic),但是有些癌症還是與遺傳有關,通常遺傳到缺陷的腫瘤抑制基因時會有較顯著的影響和症狀。舉例而言:
减少接触室外和室内空气污染,包括氡(一种由铀的自然衰变产生的放射性气体,可能在建筑物中,住宅、学校和工作场所积累)。
This segment's utilization of external back links may well not stick to 癌症 Wikipedia's policies or recommendations. Please enhance this text by eradicating excessive or inappropriate external inbound links, and changing practical back links wherever suitable into footnote references. (June 2025) (Learn the way and when to get rid of this concept)
People at all phases of most cancers remedy typically obtain some form of palliative care. Sometimes, health-related specialty Expert businesses suggest that clients and physicians respond to cancer only with palliative care. This is applicable to patients who:[196]
无法停止不受控制的细胞增长。正常细胞知道何时停止增长,因此每种类型的细胞都有合适的数量。癌细胞失去命令其何时停止增长的控制(肿瘤抑制基因)。肿瘤抑制基因的突变使癌细胞继续增长和积累。
某些癌症的成長會受某些荷爾蒙的增加或減少而抑制。對荷爾蒙敏感的腫瘤常見的例子有乳癌和前列腺癌,減低或增加體內雌激素或雄激素往往可用來做為補充治療的一種。
The tissue prognosis through the biopsy suggests the type of cell that is certainly proliferating, its histological grade, genetic abnormalities and other capabilities. Collectively, this information is helpful To judge the prognosis also to select the ideal treatment method.